What is included in an annual physical: A checklist
An annual physical typically includes a review of your medical history, a check of vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate, and a physical exam. Depending on your age and risk factors, it may also include preventive screenings, such as blood tests for cholesterol or diabetes, cancer screenings, and vaccines. The goal is to catch potential health issues early and create a plan to keep you well.
- Your physical exam covers your overall health, vital signs, and a review of your medical history.
- Age and specific risk factors determine which screenings you need during your annual visit.
- Preventive screenings check for conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and certain cancers before symptoms start.
- Many insurance plans cover preventive annual physicals at no cost, but you should always verify coverage with your insurer.
The basics of an annual physical
An annual physical is a yearly appointment with your primary care physician to check your overall health. It focuses on prevention and wellness. Your physician looks for early signs of disease and makes sure you are up to date on recommended screenings and vaccinations. The visit gives you a chance to discuss your health goals and any concerns you might have.
A typical physical starts with your vital signs. A medical assistant or nurse will check your blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, and temperature. They will also measure your height and weight to calculate your body mass index. High blood pressure often has no symptoms, making this check a vital part of every visit.
Next, your physician will review your medical history. They will ask about changes in your health, new symptoms, and your family's medical history. They will also review your current medications, including prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements. This conversation helps your doctor decide which preventive screenings are appropriate for you.
The physical examination
After discussing your history, your doctor performs the physical exam. The specifics can vary based on your age, sex, and health status. Your doctor will typically listen to your heart and lungs with a stethoscope. They will check your pulse and look for signs of fluid buildup in your legs.
The exam usually includes a visual check of your skin for suspicious moles or lesions. Your doctor may examine your eyes, ears, nose, and throat. They will likely feel your neck for enlarged lymph nodes or thyroid abnormalities. They may also press on your abdomen to check your liver, spleen, and other organs for tenderness or enlargement.
Depending on your needs, the exam might include checking your reflexes and muscle strength. Your doctor might also assess your balance and coordination. For some patients, the physical exam includes a clinical breast exam or a pelvic exam.
Common blood tests and screenings
Your annual physical often includes orders for blood work or other preventive screenings. The exact tests depend on your age, sex, and risk factors. A common test is a lipid panel, which checks your cholesterol levels. High cholesterol increases your risk for heart disease and stroke.
Adults often need a blood sugar test to screen for diabetes or prediabetes. Current guidelines recommend this screening starting around age 35 for adults who are overweight or obese. A complete blood count is another routine test. It measures different components of your blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, to check for conditions like anemia or infection.
Your doctor might also recommend a comprehensive metabolic panel. This test provides information about your kidney and liver function, blood sugar, and electrolyte levels. Depending on your risk factors, you might also have a blood test to check your thyroid function.
Cancer screenings by age
Cancer screenings are a crucial part of preventive care. Finding cancer early often makes it easier to treat. Screening recommendations change as you get older. For example, cervical cancer screening is recommended for people with a cervix starting at age 21.
Breast cancer screening guidelines have recently changed. The current recommendation is for people assigned female at birth to get a screening mammogram every two years starting at age 40. Colorectal cancer screening is now recommended for adults at average risk starting at age 45.
For adults aged 50 to 80 with a significant smoking history, at least 20 pack-years, who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years, an annual lung cancer screening with a low-dose CT scan may be recommended. Your physician will discuss these guidelines with you and help schedule the necessary tests based on your personal and family history.
Other important preventive checks
Your annual physical covers more than just blood work and physical exams. It is also an opportunity to discuss your mental health. Your physician will likely ask questions to screen for depression or anxiety. If you are experiencing symptoms, they can help you find resources and treatment options.
Vaccinations are another key component of preventive care. Your doctor will review your immunization record. They may recommend an annual flu shot, a tetanus booster, or vaccines for pneumonia, shingles, or COVID-19, depending on your age and health status. Current guidelines also recommend that all adults get screened for hepatitis C at least once in their lifetime.
Lifestyle counseling is often included in the visit. Your doctor can offer guidance on nutrition, exercise, sleep habits, and stress management. They can also provide support if you want to quit smoking or cut back on alcohol consumption.
Insurance and the cost of your physical
Under the Affordable Care Act, most health insurance plans are required to cover certain preventive services, including an annual physical, at no cost to the patient. This means you should not have to pay a copay or coinsurance for the preventive visit itself.
However, coverage can be complicated. If your doctor finds a new medical issue or manages an existing chronic condition during your physical, that portion of the visit might be billed as diagnostic care rather than preventive care. Diagnostic care often requires a copay, coinsurance, or payment toward your deductible.
It is a good idea to contact your insurance company before your appointment. You can ask what specific preventive services are covered under your plan and what your potential out-of-pocket costs might be. At Éblouissant, primary care services are billed to insurance. Patients should call the office to check their plan.
Primary care at Éblouissant
At Éblouissant, Dr. Pandey provides comprehensive primary care, including annual physicals and preventive screenings. Our practice is located at 31 Washington Square West, Suite 3F, in Greenwich Village. We offer both in-person and virtual visits for primary care, chronic-condition management, and cardiovascular management.
An annual physical gives Dr. Pandey the information needed to help you manage your health over time. If you have questions about what screenings are right for you, or if you need to schedule an appointment, you can book online through our patient portal or call the office at (212) 964-0971.
Common questions
Do I need to fast before an annual physical?
You may need to fast if your doctor plans to order certain blood tests, like a lipid panel or a fasting blood sugar test. Fasting usually means no food or drink other than water for 8 to 12 hours before the test. Your physician's office will tell you if fasting is required for your visit.
What is the difference between a physical and a wellness exam?
The terms are often used interchangeably, but a wellness exam, like the Annual Wellness Visit for Medicare patients, focuses primarily on creating a personalized prevention plan based on a health risk assessment. A physical exam involves a more hands-on evaluation by your physician. Both aim to prevent disease and maintain your health.
How long does an annual physical usually take?
An annual physical typically takes about 30 to 45 minutes, though the time can vary. This includes time with the medical assistant for vital signs and time with your physician for the history and exam. If you have many health concerns to discuss, the appointment might take longer.
Will my annual physical check for STDs?
Screenings for sexually transmitted diseases are not automatically included in a standard physical for every patient. However, your physician can easily add them if you ask or if your health history suggests they are appropriate. You should request these tests if you have a new partner or have concerns about your sexual health.
Related reading
This article is general information, not medical advice, and does not create a doctor-patient relationship. Individual results vary. If you have a medical emergency, call 911. Medical disclaimer